What causes Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is primarily caused by too little insulin in the body. In individuals with diabetes, particularly those with type 1 diabetes, insulin is crucial for allowing glucose to enter cells for energy. When there is an inadequate amount of insulin, the body cannot utilize glucose effectively, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels. In response to this lack of glucose availability for energy, the body starts to break down fat for fuel. This process produces ketones, which can accumulate and result in ketoacidosis if not managed properly.

As the ketone levels rise, they can lead to a more acidic blood pH, which is the hallmark of DKA. The condition is often precipitated by factors such as illness, infection, emotional distress, or other stresses that further increase the body's insulin needs. Understanding the role of insulin in regulating blood sugar and its deficiency in DKA helps reinforce the importance of insulin management in diabetic patients to prevent such acute complications.