What is hypertension or HTN?

Hypertension, commonly referred to as HTN, specifically describes a condition where the blood pressure within the arteries is consistently elevated. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is represented with two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure during heartbeats) over diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart rests between beats). When the readings are frequently at or above 130/80 mmHg, a diagnosis of hypertension is typically made.

The significance of hypertension lies in its potential health risks, as long-term increased pressure can lead to serious conditions such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems. Understanding hypertension is critical in healthcare, as it often requires lifestyle modifications and sometimes medication for management.

The other options describe conditions that are not hypertension. Low blood pressure is termed hypotension, normal blood pressure indicates that the readings are within a healthy range, and variability in blood pressure refers to fluctuations that occur but do not indicate a persistent high level like hypertension. Therefore, the designation of hypertension directly ties to high blood pressure, making that the correct choice.